SDGs Goal 10. Reduce inequality within and among countries
In order to tackle issues such as economic inequality, climate change, and gender equality, in 2015, the United Nations launched the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and proposed 17 core goals for global governments and enterprises to move towards sustainable development. The tenth goal is “reduce inequality within and among countries”. What are the indicators and core spirit of this goal? What are the examples and reflections at home and abroad?
10.1 By 2030, progressively achieve and sustain income growth of the bottom 40 percent of the population at a rate higher than the national average
10.1.1 Growth rates of household expenditure or income per capita among the bottom 40 percent of the population and the total population
10.2 By 2030, empower and promote the social, economic and political inclusion of all, irrespective of age, sex, disability, race, ethnicity, origin, religion or economic or other status
10.2.1 Proportion of people living below 50 per cent of median income, by sex, age and persons with disabilities
10.3 Ensure equal opportunity and reduce inequalities of outcome, including by eliminating discriminatory laws, policies and practices and promoting appropriate legislation, policies and action in this regard
10.3.1 Proportion of population reporting having personally felt discriminated against or harassed in the previous 12 months on the basis of a ground of discrimination prohibited under international human rights law
10.4 Adopt policies, especially fiscal, wage and social protection policies, and progressively achieve greater equality
10.4.1 Labour share of GDP
10.4.2 Redistributive impact of fiscal policy
10.5 Improve the regulation and monitoring of global financial markets and institutions and strengthen the implementation of such regulations
10.5.1 Financial Soundness Indicators
10.6 Ensure enhanced representation and voice for developing countries in decision-making in global international economic and financial institutions in order to deliver more effective, credible, accountable and legitimate institutions
10.6.1 Proportion of members and voting rights of developing countries in international organizations
10.7 Facilitate orderly, safe, regular and responsible migration and mobility of people, including through the implementation of planned and well-managed migration policies
10.7.1 Recruitment cost borne by employee as a proportion of monthly income earned in country of destination
10.7.2 Number of countries with migration policies that facilitate orderly, safe, regular and responsible migration and mobility of people
10.7.3 Number of people who died or disappeared in the process of migration towards an international destination
10.7.4 Proportion of the population who are refugees, by country of origin
10.A Implement the principle of special and differential treatment for developing countries, in particular least developed countries, in accordance with World Trade Organization agreements
10.A.1 Proportion of tariff lines applied to imports from least developed countries and developing countries with zero-tariff
10.B Encourage official development assistance and financial flows, including foreign direct investment, to States where the need is greatest, in particular least developed countries, African countries, small island developing States and landlocked developing countries, in accordance with their national plans and programmes
10.B.1 Total resource flows for development, by recipient and donor countries and type of flow (e.g. official development assistance, foreign direct investment and other flows)
10.C By 2030, reduce to less than 3 percent the transaction costs of migrant remittances and eliminate remittance corridors with costs higher than 5 percent
10.C.1 Remittance costs as a proportion of the amount remitted